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If your weight is 20% or more over the ideal weight for your height you are considered
to be obese. If you are 100 pounds or more above your
ideal weight, you are considered to be in a morbid obesity category.
 Obesity is most
often defined as being 20% or more over ideal body weight. Obesity affects an estimated 34
million Americans. Morbid obesity is a much more severe form of obesity in which a person
is 100 or more pounds overweight. Morbid obesity affects an estimated four million
Americans. Obesity is a common condition which can have profoundly negative health and
social consequences. Morbid obesity is considered a serious disease and has been linked to
shortened life expectancy. According to C. Everett Koop, former Surgeon General of the
United States, morbid obesity is the second leading cause of preventable death in America.
Medical problems commonly
resulting from untreated morbid obesity include the following:
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Certain cancers
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Depression
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Hypertension
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Heart disease
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Stroke
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Diabetes
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Osteoarthritis
Affected people may gradually
develop hypoxemia (decreased blood oxygen saturation) and have problems with
sleep apnea (periodic cessation of breathing while asleep).
Decreased blood oxygen and
problems associated with sleep apnea may result in feeling drowsy through
the day (somnolence), high blood pressure, and pulmonary hypertension.
Common Causes
- Excessive caloric intake
- Thyroid disorders
- Lack of physical activity
Cardiac Function
In extreme cases, especially when medical treatment is
not sought, this can lead to right-sided heart failure (cor pulmonale), and
ultimately death. Obese are at risk of a specific form of obesity induced
cardiac dysfunction. Left ventricular systolic and diastolic functions are
affected. Obesity induced cardiomyopathy is well-documented. Blood volume
is increased and cardiac output increase by 20-30ml/kg of excess body fat.
They tolerate exercise very poorly. Any increase in cardiac output is by an
increase in heart rate.
Higher incidence of cardiovascular morbidity is
associated with morbid obesity. Mild to moderate hypertension is found in
60-70% of men and women and severe in 5-10%, with 3-4mmHg increase in
systolic and 2mmHg increase in diastolic pressure for every 20 pound
increase of weight is noted. It is the most common problem followed by
ischaemic heart disease. An expansion of extracellular volume resulting in
hypervolaemia and increase in cardiac output is characteristic of
obesity-induced hypertension.
Exact mechanism is not known but interplay of genetic,
hormonal, renal and haemodynamic factors are implicated. Hyperinsulinaemia
activating sympathetic nervous system, causing sodium retention, increase in
pressor norepinephrine and angiotensin II activity. Concentric hypertrophy
of left ventricle leads to cardiac failure. Obesity is independent risk
factors for Ischaemic Heart Disease (IHD) and is more common in individuals
with central morbid obesity. Blood volume is increased, most extra volume
being distributed to fat organ. Splanchnic blood flow is increased by 20%,
renal and cerebral blood flows are normal. Cardiac arrhythmias can be
precipitated in obese by any number of factors such as an electrolyte
imbalance, diuretic therapy, hypoxia, hypercapnia, and fatty infiltration of
conducting tissue.
Morbid Obesity Treatment
Options:
The fact remains that morbid
obesity is a complex, multifactorial chronic disease and a lot of people
have to revert to gastric bypass surgery. For many patients, the risk of
death from not having the surgery is greater than the risks from the
possible complications of having the procedure.
That is the key reason that
in the year of 2004, approximately 55,000 weight loss surgical procedures
were performed. Patients who have had the procedure and are benefiting from
its results report improvements in their quality of life, social
interactions, psychological well-being, employment opportunities and
economic condition.
In clinical studies,
candidates for the procedure who had multiple obesity-related health
conditions questioned whether they could safely have the surgery. These
studies show that selection of surgical candidates is based on very strict
criteria and surgery is an option for the majority of patients.
Clearly, the best method to
lose weight and overcome morbid obesity is through proper dieting and
regulation of food intake with an increase in physical activity that is safe
for the individual in question. However, a lot of people are unable to
accomplish this task on their own.
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TODAY and let us help you achieve your fitness goals.
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